Tuesday, January 22, 2013

GENERALLY, SPEAKING


By David Beilstein

When it comes to Christian evangelistic centered cinema, we must periscope into questions concerning audiences. 


Whom are movies for? 


The question is subtle, but important. 


Along with categories of means and aesthetics in films and the otherworldliness central to the Christian religion - the audience, in which movies are glimpsed by, becomes wholly crucial to understanding the purpose and parameters of cinema.


The first short films made sometime at the beginning of the 20th Century focused on common (general) behaviour (action) audiences could relate to. A man spraying family members as they walk by with a water hose while watering his garden; a train pulling into a station with passengers preparing to board. The movement of horses’ galloping. These scenes related to audiences of all ages and beliefs because they are general actions familiar to those particular audiences’ life experience.


It is action that is dramatic.


Action is character in movies, generally speaking. And while actions spring from individual and collective beliefs - the camera describes the action and the consequence dramatically. Movies cannot apologetically sightsee into epistemic areas of consistency and inconsistency. The audience for movies is an audience in general terms that has lost, loved, hated, suffered, gained pleasure; of an audience that has felt all common experiences of this present age. It does not matter the religious views of the audience -or their philosophical views. The audience cannot escape what the world is and as such this is movies central panorama of dramatic context.


Cinema is a descriptive context, not a prescriptive one.


And this is why movies are filled with characters that generally contain the beliefs and struggles the audience with which they are contemporaries therein have. If we go into the past, movies contained ideas, religious affections, religious skepticism - ideas about sex and love - that imitated those categorical beliefs audiences held to at that time.


It is no different today. For instance, large swaths of modern Americans are unchurched. It is not that this is good - it is what the American people have been becoming for generations. Not surprisingly, then, we find in movies characters that are not members of communions of faith or other religious organisations. Since organised religion is no longer en vogue for a variety of low and highbrow philosophical and cultural minutia - individual ideas about spirituality have increased. As such, we find ideas about individual spirituality, unanchored from organised religious pillars, to become more central in the experience of movie characters.


The Christian evangelical’s default position has been movies create culture. This serious error partly explains the fundamentalist Christians’ triumphal need to replace Hollywood with a “Christian” version, as part and parcel to redeeming American culture.


But the problem is, the reverse is actually true. What is generally prevalent in culture creates movies - is the source for stories in movies. For instance, movies did not widely show a husband and wife sleeping in the same bed together until men and women living together unmarried became commonplace. Movies, as it were, were behind the cultural eight ball. In essence, movies are not trendsetters, but instead follow the trends in society generally speaking.


Movies are not a moral statement, but a cultural and individual description of general cultural and individual patterns of living. This is obvious because cinema can only imitate cultural and individual experience.


Cinema is no more than poetic and metaphoric imitation of common life experience in a dramatic confine. The problem with Hollywood is not that they do not make “Christian” movies - as if the Christ, The Son of God reconciles institutions to Himself rather than people. The problem with Hollywood is a serious lack of verity when it comes to recognising general experience in all its vagaries.


When was the last time an espionage movie focused on Islamic-Fascism? Where the enemies are Arab Islamic-Fascists and not European bankers trying to manipulate currency or oil futures? Besides the recent release of Zero Dark Thirty, the espionage genre has focused on cloak and dagger issues of internal significance where a civilly righteous hero

(Jason Bourne & James Bond, 007) must bring down their own corrupt entity. In the case of Bond, an Mi6 Agent - an organisation deeply involved in rooting out Islamic-Fascism - Bond seeks out European dressed villains, not bent on immanentizing the world-to-come, but of profiteering on global arms races. 

When Hollywood made Tom Clancy’s excellent novel, The Sum of All Fears, into a movie starring back-in-the-saddle actor and now director, Ben Affleck, Islamic-Fascist baddies were transformed into neo-Nazi European bankers with swastikas on the back of their palatial watches. In other words, Hollywood balked about accurately rendering the verity of our current cultural and global experience, bowing to the golden calf of political correctness. This is propaganda by omission. And just as much as Christian “evangelistic” movies are unnatural to the storytelling media, propaganda by omission is also something to be avoided.


Since movies are a powerful visual medium, there will always be some truths requiring caution before imitating them on film. School shootings is one of them. Hollywood has been wise to avoid the pain and angst such graphic images would bare on the public at large. There is no need to go there.


Truths exist in life cinema does not need to imitate.


But caution does not change what movies inherently are. And the over-realised eschatological vision of proponents of “Christian” films does not change the parameters by which cinematic stories work.


Sunday, January 20, 2013

COMMON, UNCOMMON GROUND


By David Beilstein

I have written previously about the problematic idea of “Christian” movies. I have maintained cinema and literature are uniquely secular focused - both descriptive media forms, and unable to do the prescriptive work Christian evangelism requires. Christian evangelism is unnatural in storytelling because of what Christian evangelism is, and also, what storytelling is as a media form. Such issues create room to unpack the proper line to draw the antithesis, and prayerfully determine where that antithesis lies between what is Sacred and what is secular.

In determining the proper grounds upon which the Christian exile lives in the temporal age - taking part in culture and cultic activities in a dual citizenship - we must first inquire the differences between believing saints and non-believers.

In Gen. 3, the pre-figuring of the Kingdom of God through the Messiah comes. In Gen. 4, the prefiguring of the city of man begins. Gen 4, in an ironic foreshadowing manner, lays the foundation for cultural work and the secular activities of men through Cain. But the covenant of the common kingdom breaks into history fully with Noah in Gen. 9. This covenant was made by God with all peoples, non-believing and believing.

It involves all cultural activities.

The covenant made with Abraham is a cultic covenant. It is made with Abraham and his future offspring - the people of God’s choosing through the Covenant of Grace. Abraham was culturally similar from non-believers around him. But he was cultically dissimilar. It is upon this firm foundation in Sacred Scripture an antithesis between believer and non-believer begins. But it is an antithesis based upon ultimate concerns, things pertaining to the Kingdom of God, of eternal salvation as the reword of the heavenly Kingdom.

There is common ground, objectively speaking, with non-believers, in the profane, or common kingdom of man pre-figured with the city Cain built in Gen. 4 and officially established with the covenant of Noah in Gen. 9. The New Testament Scriptures, particularly the book of Hebrews, treats NT saints as sojourners and exiles glimpsing back, as it were, to Abraham and the patriarchs - including the Babylonian exiles, Daniel, et cetera.

New Testament saints, therefore, have commonality with non-believers culturally, but stark dissimilarity when it comes to cultic things - or things Sacred. The Christian living post the ascension of Christ The Lord, therefore, is a citizen of two distinct realms - or kingdoms. One, encompassing civil, cultural affairs, the other, Sacred affairs, meaning those cultic distinctions represented in Christ’s Church.

Christ is Lord of both realms. But Christ The Lord rules (or mediates) them differently.

Christ’s Kingdom is ruled through the Covenant of Grace. It is a spiritual kingdom, mediated by Christ through the historical manifestation of the Church. It is spiritually discerned by faith in Christ alone. The civil kingdom is ruled by Christ, but differently; through God’s divine eternal decree.

The foundation for Christ’s Kingdom, pre-figured in the Garden of Eden in Gen. 3, is unpacked in St Matthew’s Gospel in The Great Commission. The foundation for the civil kingdom is also pre-figured in Gen. 3 with Cain’s city, but periscopes back to the cultural mandate of Gen. 1:28, refracted (post-fall) in the Noahic covenant of Gen. 9.

It is through this premise, I contend that movies are a common cultural task. Objectively, the Christian is using the natural design of storytelling to do the same kind of dramatic “work” non-believers peruse of storytelling. There need not be any objective difference between the storytelling of the non-believer and believer.

There will, however, be subjective differences.

First, Christians do everything subjectively to the glory of God according to St Paul. But this does not mean the objective task (movies, plumbing, engineering, et cetera) will be objectively different for the Christian and non-believer.

To use the adjective “Christian” to describe subjective differences within common kingdom activity - in light of what storytelling is - seems to buttress all kinds of improper categories. The desire to use those subjective differences to categorize the storytelling of Christians verses that of non-believers as distinctly “Christian” misconstrues the true cultic differences the believer and non-believer have. Worship can be Christian, because worship can be uniquely Christian. The Lord’s Day and the Lord’s Supper are distinctly Christian.

But cinema and storytelling in general is different. Storytelling perceives and investigates in descriptive dramatic context the penultimate realities of human experience. Storytelling corresponds and describes things as they are in the common kingdom. Storytelling is uniquely festooned to the ways and manners (and ontology) of the common kingdom. It does not discern things spiritual.

It does not reckon with ultimate things - things pertaining to Christ and His salvation.

Storytelling can certainly involve characters who believe things about Christ and His salvation. But as I have indicated before, the beliefs of characters wrongly or rightly understood are for the unfolding narrative of the story-in-question and do not hold prescriptive intentions for the audience. Movie characters believe what they must believe in order to act - and they act in order to push the narrative forward within a dramatic framework.

Thus, movies imitate in dramatic metaphor things temporal. Storytelling is a post-Fall, pre-World To Come media narrative. Storytelling presumes the secular world - where conflict and men’s imperfections create vagaries of imperfect (and dramatic) experience. This narrative framework whether visual or prose, is descriptive, not prescriptive… prescription being the necessary confine of Christian apologia and evangelism.

Likewise, movies show in dramatic, visual metaphor man’s place in the temporal order of things and his anthropological character in dramatic contextual design. If there is a distinctly “Christian” charter upon the Christian who writes secular movies, literature, - it is a duty to capture and render the world and the creature man truthfully, descriptively and dramatically. The more verity here - since movies’ soil is based upon penultimate concerns - the more the Christian says something true both temporally and eternally about God’s world the creature man as imago dei lives in. The non-believer will acknowledge the penultimate concerns of the dramatic piece in question, but only if the natural order of things (general revelation) - the light of nature - is rendered truthfully.

Cinema and literature are not unlike other temporal creations of God. Designed for distinct, but temporal purposes. Science being one of them. Science cannot determine the truth of the Holy Gospel. It cannot discern the Holy Gospel. Science cannot prove or disprove the Holy Gospel. Science can perceive evidences that God has designed and brought into existence an ordered universe. If science is done properly it will correspond (where it can) with the truth of God’s creation of the world ex nilo, but it cannot prove it by itself without the lense of special revelation (Holy Scripture) to interpret science. Since Holy Scripture is not written to be a science book, and science is science, interpretive issues will arise. 

The point is, just because science, alone, cannot prove the Holy Gospel does not mean science is useless. 

It means science has its God-given parameters. It’s limits. All things temporal have limits. They will not be eternal. Science, then, has its purposes - it’s design for a penultimate age unable to discern the things of the age to come. Those drawing near to God - an ethic of the age-to-come, ironically, breaking into the temporal age in a spiritual manner, taste the Holy Gospel, and its attendant realities, in the Christ’s Church.

A blood test can determine whether a person’s kidney function is optimal. But it cannot establish if a person is a citizen of Heaven. Blood tests are not useless, but they are penultimate. It would be a mistake to say unless blood tests can be made to evaluate things pertaining to Christ and His Salvation, Christian’s have no use of them.

Christians have use of blood tests in this age - the secular age. Blood tests are good, but non-Holy.

The conflation of the cultic and the cultural is disharmonious with the Sacred Scriptures. From this conflation, theological movements assume such unbiblical isms such as pietism and asceticism. And it is these paradigmatic “systems” a product of Christian pilgrims needing unmediated life and liveliness of faith - instead of reckoning the truth of faith - as found in Word and sacrament in Christ’s Church.

The evangelical mission to Christianize movies (amongst other secular activities) is one that does not comprehend the natural world God has ordained and brought into existence with the covenant with Noah. Whilst Christianity is the necessary premise to account for the intelligibility of things secular - the paradoxical, but distinct relationship between cult and culture does not cease to exist. 


Saturday, January 19, 2013

WHEN IT GOES BAD?



By David Beilstein

Writing is hard.


But if one loves it - appreciating its beauty and sweep - one will make time to for it. Part of the point of Dominium was to periscope at movie aesthetics - and part of it was to sightsee some of the writing projects I am working on while I slip and parry through film school.


What is key to remember: never make writing harder than it is and enjoy yourself.


Sometimes you throw an oft-timed punch. And sometimes what you thought was a good punch isn’t. I must conclude my screenplay entitled Interloper, is one of those. Good title, but the story is so implausible it becomes painful to think of it. There is some great stuff in Interloper - but its wedded to a plot that I cannot justify in any sense, whatsoever.


Interloper was dedicated to a friend who passed away in 2012. Someone not so close at the moment he passed - but close in other ways. I will miss his conversations and his taste in movies and cinema. We had some wonderful, appreciative moments of pop culture, which included tons and tons of stuff about movies.


Nevertheless, Interloper is damn awful. Too many things don’t work.


The story concerns a former NYPD first grade detective who relocates to New Smyrna Beach to mend fences and take care of his rich father’s estate. His father was a womaniser but generous in death. He has left his former detective son a multi-million dollar estate. The main character is a former NYPD detective because of a bad shooting he was involved with. No fault of his own, but the higher-ups at One Police Plaza in Manhattan did not see it that way.


Then a land dispute erupts. Squatters are living in the old man’s estate. The former NYPD detective wants them out. And he is tough enough to move them out. But the squatters are a mean batch of Florida red necks involved in a shady enterprises. One that is worth a fortune. And the head of that shady enterprise is worse than the NYPD detective and the squatters put together. 


Or is he?


Interloper involved a classic Charles Bronson land dispute theme. I was riffing on several movies and books using that texture. Elmore Leonard’s Mr Majestyk comes to mind. Charles Bronson could not be better than in that movie. Another such story (one Bruce Willis supposedly bought the rights too) was Mr Leonard’s 2002 novella, Tenkiller.


But Mr Leonard’s story somehow achieves what Interloper misses: plausibility and simplicity. Mr Leonard has been honing his craft longer than me. As I have said, there are excuses and than reasons. They are not the same. Mr Leonard is north of 85 years old. I’m 36. Be it said, Mr Leonard is much better than I and somehow he is able to make something implausible, plausible. Mr Leonard’s stories get human nature and action so right the implausible becomes naturally plausible. The stories, thus, never raise eyebrows.


But it rose like hell in Interloper - so much so I could not bare to read it anymore.

So there it is.

Another screenplay aborted. It’s frustrating as hell. It always is when it goes bad and the work has felt for not. But I have a plan to rework the material into something better, something fun, and something with more plausibility.


If God permits, light at the end of the tunnel.

Friday, January 11, 2013

CINEMATIC AESTHETICS DON'T CHANGE THE ART FORM


By David Beilstein

We have seen why movies cannot be objectively “Christian” if what storytelling is as a media form is held to by the storyteller in a dramatic context accurately. But I wanted to look at the objection to this paradigm by those who object to the content of many films and movies.

Often when I make the case I have made on this blog I am roundly critised that my ideas are impossible because of the offensive material in movies.

But the world is offensive - people are sinful and broken. To portray a world removed from such truth is to abandon the vocational duties of the storyteller. If a Christian working as a storyteller fails to describe the reality of the world all people at all times have lived in he betrays truth (not a Christian virtue) and fails the duty of storytelling.

There is ways to demonstrate these fallen human realities without being either exploitative or grotesque. There is a way to do a rated R coming of age story and a G way of doing the same story. Non-believers as much as Christians understand this. The desire to call such differences in content and material as “Christian” seems rather unattached to anything particularly unique to the cultic distinctions (theology, piety, and practice) of Christians.

It is an unhelpful and unnecessary category.

Whilst the Christian saint rightly criticizes much of what comes out of Hollywood, the leap from objection to content or the manner in which human brokenness is displayed is not an argument for “Christian” movies. 

If the point of movies is a dramatic art form glimpsed by people and not a confessional art form told to people, than propaganda - good and bad - is to be avoided because of what movies naturally are.  

St Paul is utterly clear in the Epistle to the Galatians. To restrict the Christian saint in areas where Holy Scripture is silent or indifferent is to build an illegitimate yoke.That a Christian is only proper in storytelling when telling “Christian” stories by good intentioned transformational evangelicals is to shackle the Christian saint - freed mercifully by Christ’s blood - in the law. Of course, there will be a need depending on genre and audience for a filmmaker of confessional Christian faith to graphically show the realities of the world.

The problems with labeling movies “Christian” by what is not in a film in terms of content is that non-believing filmmakers can realise these aesthetics too. There are non-believing filmmakers who do not feel comfortable shooting graphic and exploitative scenes. Whether a filmmaker decides to show a graphic sex scene - or a Christian who is a filmmaker abandons such a scene - the movie does not become “Christian.” It’s still just a movie - a secular art form. It is either a well-crafted film (written, directed, performed, edited) or mildly well realised.

Or it could be horrible. But it is not Christian, objectively.

The content and style of a film is related to film aesthetics. And aesthetics do not change the overall form of dramatic storytelling; the “work” movies properly dramatize to the viewer.

The larger problem with evangelistic movies is they are - in effect - not movies, but commentaries. The evangelistic filmmaker is not externalizing a dramatic conflict outside of his or herself, but is trying to put the universe of the film together to “preach” the Holy Gospel. In essence, this evangelistic filmmaker has imprisoned themselves, by trying to show how life should be - how people should behave - not in order to tell a dramatic story, but for evangelism - meaning conversion to Christ.

But historically movies are of an entirely different form and form dictates motivation. Cinema dramatizes how things are - who people are, in dramatic complexity. They describe an external, yet dramatic story in visual imagery. Aesthetically, this can be realised in stark entertainment ways - [think Indiana Jones] - or more seriously, like Chariots of Fire.

But movies are not an altar call - nor can they be.







Thursday, January 10, 2013

THE ROOT OF STORYTELLING


By David Beilstein

Continuing my plunge into storytelling comes advice from screenwriter Terry Rossio. Rossio goes on to belabor the point screenplays (the basis upon which all movies derive) require a strange/compelling attractor:
You can call it a hook or a gimmick or a twist. Sometimes it’s called a high concept: an idea for a movie that can be stated in one or two sentences. You can substitute high concept for strange attractor but strange attractor is more precise. What good is a short, simple idea for a movie if it doesn’t also attract people?

Later, Rossio concludes:
The best strange attractors explore a bit of the human condition that is specific, universal, and (if possible) has never been done before.

The key points here being human (condition) and universal application. Religious affections and claims are universal in that human beings experience and live-out those convictions, true or false. But audiences do not necessarily share in those convictions. In a movie, the effectiveness of the storytelling medium in fact necessities audiences do not have to have those convictions.

Audiences must be (and are) human.

It is this accurate presupposition - what I call the inescapable man-as-imago dei Creator/creature paradigm - that rationalises storytelling for us and gives us its impact. The notion such an epistemic paradigm cannot be proven within itself does not make the claim false.

It is true because it must be true.

It has been said movies are nothing more than trapping a protagonist in a tree - using an antagonist to throw rocks at the protagonist, and finally, finding a way to get the antagonist out of the tree (resolution) in a satisfying and most importantly, a dramatic way. To use this “means” - or media - as a message soundboard corrupts the natural design of storytelling.

If movies are a pulpit (as a friend of mine suggested) what they do and can only preach is the human condition. And they will do so based upon the pervading ethos of the time and cultural context in which they arise.

JRR Tolkien was richly aware the storyteller is not trying to dominant the audience’s imagination - but pursues to release it. The storyteller (in effect) is trying to “imitate” all of life’s vagaries so that audience collectively says, “That’s how it is.” This is precisely what cannot happen when movies are used as an evangelistic arm no matter the intentions.

St Paul is worthy of discussion here. The transformer evangelical who wishes to use cinema as an evangelistic tool ceases to allow the Apostle his due. It is one thing to run rough shot over the parameters and design of storytelling, quite another to ignore St Paul. As the Apostle makes clear, faith comes from hearing the Word of God preached.

Human beings are not the “deciders” of God’s gracious condescension. They are the recipients of it.

What continues to boggle my mind is the transforming evangelical’s need to use good and secular things and try to make them Sacred. More worrisome, I keep hearing how movies can be “Christian” simply because of the pietistic ramblings of believers, running rough shot over the design and structure of storytelling altogether.

I happened upon an interesting e-mail from a lady friend. She’s quite amazing. What was interesting to me is how she said my convictions are somewhat unique to Reformed Christians she knows. I’m positive her observation is true, but my suggestion has always been, historically, my convictions are simply common sense. A distinction between the Sacred-secular kingdoms has been a proto-Protestant and Protestant/Lutheran development for many moons. Only recently, in the words of Westminster Seminary California Professor R. Scott Clark, has there been a desire to transform this and transform that - seeing common things as Sacred, et cetera, et cetera.  

It is important to note this has done large disservice to those cultic distinctions Christians do have - and aspire towards in obedience to Christ the Messiah against those of non-believers. 

Sigmund Freud was infamous for saying sometimes a cigar is just a cigar. Could it be - as much of what Freud said is algebra to me - storytelling is simply storytelling? Moreover, other than a commitment to the sternest verity, is the Christian saint’s vocational impetus in storytelling objectively different than the non-believers?

I am not convinced it is.